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Linux系统之升级内核版本方法
- 一、检查本地系统环境
- 1.检查系统版本
- 2.检查系统内核版本
- 二、小版本升级内核
- 1.列出yum仓库的内核包版本
- 2.升级内核
- 3.重启并检查内核版本
- 三、大版本升级内核
- 1.导入公钥
- 2.下载并安装elrepo仓库
- 3.载入elrepo-kernel元数据
- 4.列出rpm包
- 5.安装最新版本kernel
- 6.查看内核是否载入到grub2
- 7.设置新的内核为grub2的默认版本
- 8.检查重启后的系统内核版本
一、检查本地系统环境
1.检查系统版本
[root@jeven ~]# cat /etc/os-release NAME="CentOS Linux"VERSION="7 (Core)"ID="centos"ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"VERSION_ID="7"PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"ANSI_COLOR="0;31"CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7"CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7"REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"2.检查系统内核版本
[root@jeven ~]# uname -r 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64二、小版本升级内核
1.列出yum仓库的内核包版本
确保yum仓库的正常，本次实践用的是阿里的镜像源。
[root@jeven yum.repos.d]# yum list kernelLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cnInstalled Packageskernel.x86_64 3.10.0-957.el7 @anacondaAvailable Packageskernel.x86_64 3.10.0-1160.81.1.el7 updates2.升级内核
直接更新内核版本，此方法适用于更新内核补丁。
[root@jeven yum.repos.d]# yum update -y kernelLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfileepel/x86_64/metalink | 8.5 kB 00:00:00 * epel: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cnbase | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 docker-ce-stable | 3.5 kB 00:00:00 epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00 extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 (1/3): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 1.0 MB 00:00:00 (2/3): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 7.0 MB 00:00:01 (3/3): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 19 MB 00:00:09 Resolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package kernel.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1160.83.1.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: linux-firmware >= 20190429-72 for package: kernel-3.10.0-1160.83.1.el7.x86_64--> Running transaction check---> Package linux-firmware.noarch 0:20180911-69.git85c5d90.el7 will be updated---> Package linux-firmware.noarch 0:20200421-80.git78c0348.el7_9 will be an update--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved====================================================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size======================================================================================================================================================================Installing: kernel x86_64 3.10.0-1160.83.1.el7 updates 52 MUpdating for dependencies: linux-firmware noarch 20200421-80.git78c0348.el7_9 updates 80 MTransaction Summary======================================================================================================================================================================Install 1 PackageUpgrade ( 1 Dependent package)Total download size: 132 MDownloading packages:No Presto metadata available for updates(1/2): kernel-3.10.0-1160.83.1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 52 MB 00:00:31 (2/2): linux-firmware-20200421-80.git78c0348.el7_9.noarch.rpm | 80 MB 00:00:48 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 2.7 MB/s | 132 MB 00:00:48 Running transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transaction Updating : linux-firmware-20200421-80.git78c0348.el7_9.noarch 1/3 Installing : kernel-3.10.0-1160.83.1.el7.x86_64 2/3 Cleanup : linux-firmware-20180911-69.git85c5d90.el7.noarch 3/3 Verifying : kernel-3.10.0-1160.83.1.el7.x86_64 1/3 Verifying : linux-firmware-20200421-80.git78c0348.el7_9.noarch 2/3 Verifying : linux-firmware-20180911-69.git85c5d90.el7.noarch 3/3 Installed: kernel.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1160.83.1.el7 Dependency Updated: linux-firmware.noarch 0:20200421-80.git78c0348.el7_9 Complete!3.重启并检查内核版本
- 重启服务器
reboot- 检查内核版本
重启完成，发现内核版本已经升级为【3.10.0-1160.83.1.el7.x86_64】
[root@jeven ~]# uname -r 3.10.0-1160.83.1.el7.x86_64三、大版本升级内核
1.导入公钥
ELRepo是一个为Linux提供驱动程序和内核映像的存储库，这里的内核大版本升级方案就是采用ELRepo提供的内核通道。
[root@jeven ~]# rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org[root@jeven ~]#2.下载并安装elrepo仓库
ELRepo内核下载地址：https://elrepo.org/linux/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/，如果服务器不能联网，可离线下载。
[root@jeven ~]# yum install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpmLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpackselrepo-release-7.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm | 8.7 kB 00:00:00 Examining /var/tmp/yum-root-RRC6Uo/elrepo-release-7.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm: elrepo-release-7.0-6.el7.elrepo.noarchMarking /var/tmp/yum-root-RRC6Uo/elrepo-release-7.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm to be installedResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package elrepo-release.noarch 0:7.0-6.el7.elrepo will be installed--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved====================================================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size======================================================================================================================================================================Installing: elrepo-release noarch 7.0-6.el7.elrepo /elrepo-release-7.el7.elrepo.noarch 5.0 kTransaction Summary======================================================================================================================================================================Install 1 PackageTotal size: 5.0 kInstalled size: 5.0 kIs this ok [y/d/N]: yDownloading packages:Running transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transaction Installing : elrepo-release-7.0-6.el7.elrepo.noarch 1/1 Verifying : elrepo-release-7.0-6.el7.elrepo.noarch 1/1 Installed: elrepo-release.noarch 0:7.0-6.el7.elrepo Complete!3.载入elrepo-kernel元数据
[root@jeven ~]# yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel repolistLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * elrepo-kernel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cnelrepo-kernel | 3.0 kB 00:00:00 elrepo-kernel/primary_db | 2.1 MB 00:00:00 repo id repo name statuselrepo-kernel ELRepo.org Community Enterprise Linux Kernel Repository - el7 34repolist: 344.列出rpm包
列出elrepo-kernel的rpm包
[root@jeven ~]# yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel list kernel*Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * elrepo-kernel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cnInstalled Packageskernel.x86_64 3.10.0-957.el7 @anaconda kernel.x86_64 3.10.0-1160.83.1.el7 @updates kernel-tools.x86_64 3.10.0-957.el7 @anaconda kernel-tools-libs.x86_64 3.10.0-957.el7 @anaconda Available Packageskernel-lt.x86_64 5.4.230-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernelkernel-lt-devel.x86_64 5.4.230-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernelkernel-lt-doc.noarch 5.4.230-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernelkernel-lt-headers.x86_64 5.4.230-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernelkernel-lt-tools.x86_64 5.4.230-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernelkernel-lt-tools-libs.x86_64 5.4.230-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernelkernel-lt-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 5.4.230-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernelkernel-ml.x86_64 6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernelkernel-ml-devel.x86_64 6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernelkernel-ml-doc.noarch 6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernelkernel-ml-headers.x86_64 6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernelkernel-ml-tools.x86_64 6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernelkernel-ml-tools-libs.x86_64 6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernelkernel-ml-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kerne5.安装最新版本kernel
[root@jeven ~]# yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install -y kernel-ml.x86_64Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * elrepo-kernel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cnResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package kernel-ml.x86_64 0:6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo will be installed--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved====================================================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size======================================================================================================================================================================Installing: kernel-ml x86_64 6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel 60 MTransaction Summary======================================================================================================================================================================Install 1 PackageTotal download size: 60 MInstalled size: 284 MDownloading packages:kernel-ml-6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm | 60 MB 00:00:02 Running transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transaction Installing : kernel-ml-6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : kernel-ml-6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 1/1 Installed: kernel-ml.x86_64 0:6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo Complete!6.查看内核是否载入到grub2
查看系统上的所有可用内核
[root@jeven ~]# awk -F\" "$1=="menuentry " print i++ " : " $2" /etc/grub2.cfg0 : CentOS Linux (6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core)1 : CentOS Linux (3.10.0-1160.83.1.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)2 : CentOS Linux (3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)3 : CentOS Linux (0-rescue-626024fee7b34ca3acd67183d6f1ca99) 7 (Core)7.设置新的内核为grub2的默认版本
- 通过 grub2-set-default命令设置默认启动版本
[root@jeven ~]# grub2-set-default 0[root@jeven ~]# - 通过编辑 /etc/default/grub 文件设置默认启动版本
[root@jeven ~]# cat /etc/default/grub GRUB_TIMEOUT=5GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed "s, release .*$,,g" /etc/system-release)"GRUB_DEFAULT=0GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=trueGRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet"GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"- 生成 grub 配置文件并重启
[root@jeven ~]# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfgGenerating grub configuration file ...Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.imgFound linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1160.83.1.el7.x86_64Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-1160.83.1.el7.x86_64.imgFound linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64.imgFound linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-626024fee7b34ca3acd67183d6f1ca99Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-626024fee7b34ca3acd67183d6f1ca99.imgdone- 重启
reboot8.检查重启后的系统内核版本
重启系统后，发现系统内核已经成功升级。
[root@jeven ~]# uname -r 6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64以上是关于Linux系统之升级内核版本方法的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章
